Author of the week

On 19 May 2010, the community of Gambian writers lost one of their members, Mr Hassum Ceesay. He died at the age of 66 after a brief illness at the Ndeban Clinic.

Hassum Ceesay – not the Director General of the National Centre for Arts and Culture but the one commonly called senior – was a veteran writer. Hassum was a financial economist who obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from Durham University (UK) under the auspices of Fourah Bay College, Sierra Leone and two Masters Degrees at the prestigious universities of Oxford, the United Kingdom and Havard, the United States of America. He was the son of Alkalo Madi Ceesay, a well-known alkalo of Panchang and he was a royal descendant on his mother’s side. Hassum was also a devout Muslim and a great scholar in Islamic teachings. He was known to have started writing since his primary school days. He published several articles in The Gambia News Bulletin. In 1968, he wrote several articles some of which are: A Spot Worthy of Tarzan (GNB N°67, 18th June), Mr Edward Brewer, Forestry Department Abuko Nature Reserve, and Random Thoughts on a Money Spinner (GNB N°127, 7th November 1968, p3). He also wrote several articles on Gambian Literature in the Daily Observer. Hassum, who hailed from Panchang village in Upper Saloum, worked for the United Nations (UN) for more than 17 years before he retired in 1996 and settled at Kololi. In Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara’s autobiography, Kairaba, readers are told that The Gambian Mission to the United Nations in New York was first opened by Mr Hassum Ceesay and Mr Galandou Goree Ndiaye in February 1979. Hassum served as Counsellor and Mr Goree Ndiaye as Mission Secretary. Hassum was a member of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group in Namibia (then called Southern Africa and under apartheid) helping Namibians to transit from an apartheid regime to a free state and to conduct their first elections in 1990. He worked in several countries including the RDC (then Zaire), the Central African Republic and Senegal. He also travelled extensively.

After his return to The Gambia in 1996, he contributed immensely in different ways to the Gambian society by donating his books and giving financial assistance to schools, mosques and individuals. So humble was he that he refused to be acknowledged for such financial and material aid. He bought several compounds in the greater Banjul area and gave them out to people from whom he knew he would never ask for rent and he disbursed huge funds for the construction of important mosques in the same locality. Some of these revelations only came out after he died.

Ndaanan contributions

Along with his diplomatic career, Hassum developed a keen interest in literary production. In the early seventies, He joined a group of Gambian writers to create the first literary magazine, Ndaanan for which he was a co-founder. Ndaanan is the first literary magazine published in The Gambia in 1971. He published 8 of his poems and a short story in this magazine. From its creation to 1973, Hassum remained the Advertisement and Circulation manager and until it stopped being published in 1976, he was part of the editorial board along with Dr Lenrie Peters, Swaebou Conateh, Charles Jow, Gabriel Roberts, Dr Wally Ndow, Esther Sow, Marcel Thomasi and Margareth Jallow.

The eight poems he published in Ndaanan are Fugitive & Manifa Musu (Vol. 1, issue 1, 1971), The Cotton Tree, The Palmwine Vendor’s Son, & Behind the Looking Glass (Vol. 2, issue 1, 1972), and Waves, Stigma & The Sun Stood Still (Vol. 5, issue 1 & 2, 1976). The story, Caught in The Crossfire was published in the last volume (Vol. 5, issue 1 & 2, 1976).

Literary Works

Hassoum wrote extensively and it will be difficult to enumerate all his publications here. He has numerous unpublished works such as his novellas Farm, Sisters of a Kind, What’s a Mother to Do? and The Origins of a Song. His first published work is Seeking to Please, published in 1974 in Banjul. At the time, Ndaanan was facing financial challenges. It deals with a variety of subjects: beauty, settling of scores, the dirty tricks of a prostitute, inflation of prices. In the forward he wrote on the subsequent series of Seeking to Please, he had this to say:

When, as a very idealistic youth, I published SEEKING TO PLEASE 1 in 1974, there were no newspapers, only about six hours of airtime from Radio Gambia, and no TV. There was an acute general public craving for something, anything, to read, especially Gambian creative writing. Amazingly, with five hundred copies of that publication, distributed free, I not only intended but expected to satiate that craving! (Ceesay, 2003: p iii)

The first volume is made up of five short stories and twelve poems. Soon after, he published several other short stories, poems and plays. Seeking to Please has ten volumes. The first six volumes are published by Macmillan and the four others were published locally. The last published and distributed novel is The Power of Ngewel or Banjen’s Honour (2007). Hassum had, in his archives, several unpublished works in manuscripts (novellas, short stories, poems) some of which were already typed and under edition while others were in longhand. One of his published but undistributed books was entitled Things happen on the way to the well.

From his poems, one easily recognises Hassum’s love for the Gambian people and his concern for their well-being. All his poems observe those issues that one hardly notices even though they directly affect our lives. Hassum took it upon himself to entertain through his writings but not forgetting, like a truly caring person, to enlighten and educate, to warn and counsel. He felt, as a writer and a poet, it was his duty to send a message to all, both in The Gambia and outside, on the issues and concerns affecting our societies and of the beauties that lie within.

It is in this view, that upon publishing the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th collections of Seeking To Please, he donated a large bulk of it to the Government, the Department of State (renamed Ministry now) for Education, for distribution to all the school libraries throughout the country. An official letter from the Department of Education, written on 18 May 2005 and signed by Mr Baboucarr Bouy, acknowledged receipt of 2,400 books donated by him and expressed appreciation for contributing to the education sector. He also donated books to several libraries and institutions. Mr Abdou Wally Mbye wrote a letter on 28 November 2003 acknowledging the reception of 100 copies of one of his books and congratulating him for the unique and unprecedented act of donating so hugely to the library. Among the schools and institutions that wrote to him were the Management Development Institute (signed by Ms Mathilda Johnson, Principal Librarian, on 4 May 2005), Kaur Senior Secondary School (signed by Mr Adama Jimma Jobe, Principal, on 16 December 2003) and the Gambia Muslim Senior Secondary School (signed by Mr Sulayman Njie, Principal, on 11 March 2004). None of his books was for sale, he insisted, except for the interest of the student. The books he wrote were meant to entertain and to help schoolchildren develop an interest in reading. In fact, they contain enough motivation as each chapter of the story unfolds, as each verse of the poem reveals itself, as each scene fills an act. Hassum could have concentrated on poetry, prose, or drama. However, he was one of those rare Gambian writers who are good in all three genres.

Seeking to Please (the series)

I am giving the title ‘SEEKING TO PLEASE’ to this collection as that is precisely what I am doing to the Gambian public in this endeavour. As I see it, the avidity around us to read anything creative and with local origins is something of a stigma on any one of us who can do anything about it and, contrary to belief, there are many of us who can. Ability is certainly not lacking.

The four last books of the series published are a collection of poems (Seeking To Please 9 and 10), prose (Seeking To Please 8) and drama (Seeking To Please 7). Below we give a brief review of each of these.

We with service reverent

Great Bacchus make contend.

Not by pleasing all,

But seeking to please.

For what pleases the gods

Pleases not men

(Extract from The Palm Wine Vendor’s Song by Hassum Ceesay)

DRAMA: Seeking To Please 7: You Will See For Yourself

“Allah made me who I am and what I am. A scholar in the Holy Quran, and a teacher of the religion of Islam. What am I suppose to do? What am I suppose to say, when a parent brings his child to me with that message? Shall I say no I will not be able to provide for his upkeep? Then I would not be a believer…” (Act 4, Scene 1, page 38)

You Will See for Yourself is a piece of drama in four acts with almost a dozen characters. The setting is in ‘a sizable multi-ethnic village with a population of four hundred people, mostly fulas, wollofs and mandinkas in the Central River Division'(Act One; Scene 1;p2). A Quranic teacher cum Imam cum Alkalo, Baa Foday Jabbi, is the main character. There are 11 scenes. Act One (2 scenes) introduces Baa Foday and his talibehs. Juldeh Jallow, a senior talibeh over three decades old, will have a special chat with his Master. A particular question on women will arise as Juldeh is recently married and solicits guidance in maintaining a good marriage. In Act 2 (four scenes), certain issues will arise. The first is the question of the music in Baa Foday’s courtyard. Mayamel (Juldeh’s wife) and Hijinka (Baa Foday’s wife) will play music and they both love it. Baa Foday councils Juldeh to admonish his wife and help guide her to stop indulging in sinful habits. In this act too, parents of one of the talibehs will arrive. They will discover their talibeh child turned into a dirty scrambler of thrown coins in a fight in the streets. The question of the state of the Almudo arises. The parents are welcomed in Act 3 (three scenes). Juldeh will have a lengthy discussion with his wife as he tries to inculcate some of his master’s principles in her. The closing act, Act 4, presents two very interesting scenes. The first is a lengthy discussion on the question the Almudo (a begging talibeh) where heavy irony is observed as the author tries to portray the reality of the situation, and a curious scene between Baa Foday and his young seductive bride Hijinka as Juldeh and Mayamel watch secretly through the complicity of Hijinka.

Hassum Ceesay tries to portray, in this story, the irony behind certain beliefs and practices. He intends to provoke the spectator (or the reader where the play is read from the book), to reflect on certain social and cultural issues. He obliges the spectator to question three particular things: the complete veneration of certain religious people, particularly local qur’anic teachers where one’s life is dictated (as this is probably the case between Juldeh and Baa Foday) and the question of the ‘Almudo’ and its raison d’être. Juldeh is persistently cautioned about the evil intends of women and advised to strictly apply measures to correct or moderate them. And who is to blame for the Almudo’s situation? The play is thought-provoking. Hassum builds a lot of humour in the play and equally uses simple understandable English as usual.

PROSE: Seeking to Please 8: Have Friends, Will Win

“All we parents are saying to you children is to be more thoughtful. Be more slow to judge. Weigh the effects of your words. And why do we keep saying so? […] We love you and we want to keep you out of trouble. […] But above all because God enjoins it upon us to bring you up well.” (p48)

This is a story of a university student, Pa Ndongo, who completed his undergraduate studies and leaves the university to return to his family in Sukuta. Pa Ndongo, a BA student in Agricultural Science, has just completed his final exams and was waiting for the end of year events: the end of year debate where he is to present a paper, and the end of year agric and debating club parties. Pa Ndongo, commonly called Faana Faana Soona farmer, supported by his close friends Mansawula commonly called Wula or De Gaulle ears, Njilan Joof and Jelleh Ndure, will make an impressive presentation at the debate and be declared the winner.

The 62-page story deals with many social issues, particularly that of the undergraduate student and university activities. Mr. Ceesay, I believe, intends to delve into pertinent social issues through an easy-to-read short text with a lot of entertainment. One cannot help noticing the ‘kal’ attitude between the schoolmates; particularly, how much it will be effective in helping Pa Ndongo overcome his shyness during the debate competition. Among the students too, there is constant girl-talk on how they perceive girls and their attitude. In fact, a curious relationship will build up between Pa Ndongo and one of the most desirable girls in the University, Yabanaa. The writer did not hesitate to portray our present society and leave us to judge for ourselves. Most of all, Ceesay intends to point out the importance of friendship and its advantages in our lives. Have Friends, Will Win is an unputdownable book that one enjoys from the first to the last pages. The reader sails through, with the help of simple English language structures suitable even at the Upper Basic School level, a wonderful story that grips you to the end and makes you laugh, frown and relax. It is readable anywhere, on trips, at the attaya vous, while waiting during appointments even during halftime while watching football on TV.

POETRY: Seeking to Please 9: Sewruba Rhapsody And Other Poems

“A convention and child rights / Is incomplete unless/ It says no more war. / Why do I say so? / The first right is the right to life. / Adults declare war / then they stay at home / And send the youths to fight / The war they didn’t declare. ” (Child Rights, p19)

Hassum proposed two books on poetry. The poems, like his books on prose and drama, deal with social issues and expose some of our social ills. In Sewruba Rhapsody and Other Poems, Hassum proves a good observer of our contemporary society and translates his observation in simple and easy to read poems. He centres his concern on youth matters, children’s affairs, national issues, nature, etc. Hassum goes further by writing poems in Wolof and Mandinka, which he includes in these collections.

POETRY: Seeking to Please 10: Our River and Other Stories

“Lo giss wanneh/ Lo gaeg netili/ Lo kham wakh/ Lo mann def./Lunj neh yaa ko def/ Yaa ko def/ Lunj neh yaa ko wakh/ Yaah ko wakh.” (Sanj Sanj, p11)

This 34-page collection of poems regroups 34 poems dealing with issues such as nature, cultural manifestations, new technology, relationships, leisurely activities, current issues and four poems in Mandinka and Wolof. Each poem traces a specific line of thought and tries to leave the reader the choice to judge. Hassum is careful to use easy to understand language as always and to provide thought-provoking verses.

The Power of Ngewel

This is the story set in a fana community where values and traditions are the guiding principles of the community’s way of life. Ngange Demba and Daado Kura are married but on the day of the ‘moor’ and ‘jebbaleh’ (a common yet significant stage of the marriage process among the Wolof where the bride is transported to her husband for the last and final time) Daado wakes up to find herself on the bed of Njaga Hinch in Pallen Sanjal far from Simbara in Lower Saloum, where she should have been beside her husband. This story affirms the positive social and historical roles Gewels (griots) play in our society, using as a vehicle, the challenges that parents and their young adult children have to overcome to live together successfully in an environment that preserves and respects our traditions, customs and indigenous values.

Conclusion

Hassum Ceesay was a very generous man. His concern for young Gambian children was quite apparent in his philanthropic actions geared towards their well-being. Hassum’s concern, unlike most writers and poets, was not to enrich himself. He chose to invest heavily in children’s education by donating almost all his books to the schools, institutions of higher learning, libraries and the Ministry of Education. That is why he wrote in his forward, which is duplicated in all his collection of Seeking to Please: “Like the first Seeking to Please, the present ones are free, and may be sold only to raise funds for students and student associations.”

In the Education policy of 2004-2015 published in May 2004, it is clearly mentioned under section IV of Chapter 11.2.3 on page 36 that “Textbooks written by Gambian authors will be encouraged and utilized where appropriate and relevant.” I believe that today Gambian writers are important stakeholders in the development of education. Hassum Ceesay took a giant stride in this vein. It is true that not all writers may have the same opportunity to publish and donate their books free of charge but if Government is prepared to work hand in hand with the writers through the existing Writers’ Association, certainly swift and efficient solutions will be found in the earliest possible time and the necessary actions are taken immediately. The Gambia is facing serious problems with the quality of English spoken and written by many senior officials, in the media and more alarmingly, the poor results of English at the level of Grade 12. This has become a great cause for concern to educators and the Ministries of Education. There is no doubt that one of the most efficient solutions is to rekindle the desire to read among the very young by providing the necessary environment and resources. Books written by Gambians could be very appropriate for this because young readers may not only be fascinated and entertained, but they will recognise themselves in these stories as they are drawn by the familiarity of the setting, the characters, the plot and the themes. That alone could be a major step towards building and strengthening the reading culture in The Gambia.

Many will miss Hassum Ceesay Sr. The writers’ community too for his unique demonstration of what a true patriot and a good writer would aspire to be. The Writers’ Association of The Gambia continues to pray for Allah to forgive him and grant him Jannatul Firdaus. We pray that his family and friends find the strength to pray for him and keep an excellent memory of him. Amen!

I personally thank Kebba Ceesay and Fana Ceesay for providing the much-needed information and the pictures. I also thank Bai Madi Ceesay for his interest to see that the life of their father is one day written and remembered to inspire many others. We thank Baba Ceesay, former NCAC boss, for his encouragement.